Concrete anchor

 



(A) Cast-in anchors:


(A) Cast-in anchors: (a) hex head bolt with washer; (b) L-bolt; (c) J-bolt; and (d) welded headed stud.


(B) Post-installed anchors:

(B) Post-installed anchors: (a) adhesive anchor; (b) undercut anchor; (c) torque-controlled expansion anchors [(c1) sleeve-type and (c2) stud-type]; (d) drop-in type displacement-controlled expansion anchor; and (e) screw anchor.




(a) Tensile loading
(a) Tensile loading

b) Shear loading
b) Shear loading

Fig. R17.5.1.2—Failure modes for anchors.



출처 : ACI318-19

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Temperature effects_maturity

  In the   CEB-FIP Model Code 90 ,   maturity   is a concept used to predict the rate at which concrete gains strength based on temperature and time.   Eq. (2.1-87)   is used to calculate the   maturity-adjusted time  $$ t_T$ $​ , which accounts for the effects of temperature on concrete's strength development. \(  S=\int d^{4} x\left(\frac{R}{2 \kappa}\right) \) begin{eqation} S=\int d^{4} x\left(\frac{R}{2 \kappa}\right) end{equation} Definition of Equation (2.1-87): The maturity-adjusted time $$tTt_T tT​$$  is calculated as: $$tT=∫t0texp⁡[QR(1T0−1T(τ))]dτt_T = \int_{t_0}^{t} \exp \left[ \frac{Q}{R} \left( \frac{1}{T_0} - \frac{1}{T(\tau)} \right) \right] d\tau tT​=∫t0​t​exp[RQ​(T0​1​−T(τ)1​)]dτ$$ Where: tTt_T tT​  = maturity-adjusted time (in days) tt t  = real elapsed time (in days) t0t_0 t0​  = start time for the calculation (usually 0) QQ Q  = activation energy for hydration process, typically around 33,500 J/mo...
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